(DOWNLOAD) "Agreeing to Disagree: Security Council Resolution 1441 and Intentional Ambiguity." by Global Governance * Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Agreeing to Disagree: Security Council Resolution 1441 and Intentional Ambiguity.
- Author : Global Governance
- Release Date : January 01, 2004
- Genre: Politics & Current Events,Books,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 291 KB
Description
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, adopted unanimously on 8 November 2002, was initially celebrated as reflecting a newfound sense of unity and resolve among the Council's fifteen members. (1) The Council recalled its previous resolutions on Iraq, required the Iraqi government to account for all of its chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, and insisted on full cooperation with UN and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) weapons inspectors--to whom the Council accorded enhanced powers. (2) The Council also declared that Iraq was in "material breach" of some of the previous resolutions, that any further failure to comply would constitute an additional material breach, that it would "convene immediately" if the inspectors reported such a failure, and that continued violations of Iraq's obligations would result in "serious consequences." But deep differences soon emerged as to whether the text of the resolution authorized UN member states to use force to uphold its provisions. When the United States and the UK invaded Iraq in March 2003, they claimed this action was authorized; France and Russia, in contrast, maintained that no such authorization was present. The same divergence of opinion was evident among many of the nonpermanent members of the Council, the 176 UN member states not on the Council, and academic international lawyers. Today, the differences over Resolution 1441 are seen as reflecting a profound crisis for the UN and international peace and security more generally. (3)